Political Reform: Addressing Challenges and Enhancing Political Systems

Abstract

Turbulent flows are ubiquitous in various engineering and natural systems, making their accurate prediction and modeling essential for optimizing processes and designs. This abstract provides an overview of the development of advanced turbulence models aimed at enhancing our understanding and prediction of turbulent flows. Traditional turbulence models, such as the Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) equations, often struggle to capture the intricate dynamics of turbulence in complex flows. This limitation has led to the creation of more advanced models, including Large Eddy Simulation (LES) and Direct Numerical Simulation (DNS), which offer higher fidelity but come with increased computational costs.